Practical Parenting: Understanding Neurodivergence with Dr. Brad Schlaggar

In recent years, the concept of neurodivergence has become more widely understood, with more individuals openly discussing differences in how their brains process information and experience the world. In this episode, we sit down with Dr. Brad Schlaggar, President and CEO of Kennedy Krieger Institute, to explore what neurodiversity really means and how parents can support children who think and learn differently. 

Neurodiversity reflects the idea that all individuals “show up in unique ways” in terms of how they think, communicate, emote, create, move, and interact socially. While there may be a central tendency in how people function, there is also diversity, heterogeneity, and variability that are normal parts of the human condition. Over time, the concept of neurodivergence has expanded to include a broad range of conditions, including autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, learning disabilities, Tourette syndrome, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. 

For parents whose children receive one of these diagnoses, one of the most important takeaways is to shift from a deficit-based mindset to a strengths-based approach. Rather than focusing on what a child may struggle with, Dr. Schlaggar encourages families to recognize the unique strengths and abilities their child brings. Children in the neurodiverse space often demonstrate creativity, resilience, and “a spark of ingenuity” that can be powerful.

Early identification and intervention are important. Dr. Schlaggar notes that the time to begin asking questions about development is from the very beginning. Pediatricians routinely monitor developmental milestones, but parents play a critical role because they know their child best. If something does not feel right, parents are encouraged to continue asking questions and seeking additional evaluation if needed. 

Early intervention is especially important because the developing brain is highly adaptable in the early years. 

“Those early years are so critical for optimizing your developmental pathway,” Dr. Schlaggar said. Access to early services can make a meaningful difference in outcomes for both typically and atypically developing children. 

Parents may initially struggle when they learn their child’s developmental path may differ from expectations. Dr. Schlaggar describes this as a discrepancy between what parents imagined and the reality in front of them. However, most families begin to see new opportunities for their child’s growth and success. 

The conversation also highlights practical ways to support neurodivergent children. Parents are encouraged to embrace their child’s individuality, advocate for appropriate resources, and create environments that support their strengths. It is also important to recognize that behaviors which, on the surface, may appear defiant are often part of normal development as children explore independence and boundaries. 

Neurodivergence is not something to “fix,” but rather a natural variation in how people experience the world. By embracing a strengths-based approach and seeking support when needed, parents can help their children thrive in ways that reflect their unique abilities and potential.